中国生态区划分与评价和保护建设的研究（V）

生态区评价是国际上新近发展起来的一种科学方法和实践。有利解决资源开发利用保护生态环境的矛盾。中国生态区划分以地面景观为标准，并建立二级分类系统，区一亚区，同时充分利用政府行为。将全国共划分为10个一级生态区：天然林保护生态区、自然保护区生态区、水土保持生态区、防护林生态区、荒漠生态区、湿地生态区、林业生态区、草原生态区、农业生态区、青藏高原高寒生态区。     

塔拉的生态适应性及其在云南适生区域的划分

通过多年的引种对塔拉的生态适应性研究表明,极端低温及降水是制约塔拉生长发育的关键因素.据此将哀牢山以西、怒江、澜沧江下游海拔1450m以下16个县的128个乡镇区划为云南种植塔拉的最佳适生区;哀牢山以东、元江中下游海拔1 250m以下14个县的81个乡镇为一般适生区;公益林种植区为金沙江中游海拔1 100m以下的10个县的62个乡镇.     

The dehesa: an agrosilvopastoral system of the Mediterranean region with special reference to the Sierra Morena area of Spain

A multidisciplinary team undertook a six-year investigation on the agro-ecological and socio-economic aspects of the dehesa system in the Sierra Norte area, a part of the Sierra Morena of the Sevilla Province, Western Andalusia, Spain. This paper summarizes its findings on the various agro-ecological features of the system and evaluates the system's functional aspects vis-a-vis the trends and developments in land use in the region over the past few centuries. The synergistic effects of tree cover on understorey grassland vegetation is discussed in terms of soil fertility build-up and favourable micro-climatic and hydrological features, and the potential use of this information in future research and development programmes to improve the dehesa system in the Mediterranean region is outlined.     

三明林区森林健康保护与发展的思考

应用森林健康理论分析得出影响三明林区森林健康的自然因素主要是林分结构不合理、林业有害生物和气候异常;人为因素主要是森林火灾、乱砍滥伐和乱捕滥猎等,提出了保护与发展策略:合理改造林分结构,加大扶育间伐力度,严格封锁林区,科学防治林业有害生物,严密监测森林,严防外来林业有害生物的入侵,加强对森林健康经营管理的领导,树立森林健康理念等。     

Growth and yield prediction models for Acacia mangium grown in the plantations of the central region of Bangladesh

Acacia mangium is a very fast growing species belonging to the family Leguminosae that has been introduced in the plantations in Bangladesh for its faster growth and wide range of adaptability. The present study aimed at development of growth and yield prediction models for the species using simultaneous equation method. Models were selected for the species to estimate stand dominant height, stand diameter, stand basal area per hectare and total volume yield per hectare. Paired t-test, 45-degree line test, percent absolute deviation and biological principle of stand development were used for the validation of chosen models. The results suggest that the models derived were statistically and biologically acceptable and could be satisfactorily used for stands of Acacia mangium of ages 4–7 yrs based on a base age of 6 yr.     

黄土丘陵区主要人工林水保及其土壤水分生态效益研究

通过研究表明，不同类型植被减少径流和泥沙的功效不同，东坡不同类型植被小区径流深由大到小的顺序为：荒坡＞沙棘（平茬）＞沙棘＋小叶杨＞农地；北坡为：油松＞油松＋沙棘＞沙棘林；东坡产沙量由大到小的顺序为：农地＞荒坡＞沙棘（平茬）＞沙棘＋小叶杨，北坡为：油松＞油松＋沙棘＞沙棘。不同类型植被在生长季的土壤水分平均值均很低，其中对土壤水分利用强度由大到小分别为柠条＞沙棘＞刺槐，100cm以下土层，不同类型林地土壤均存在利用性干层。     

南方岩溶区植被自然演替恢复研究综述

我国岩溶区绝大部分分布在南方。植被的自然演替恢复是岩溶区生态重建的主要方式。随着自然演替的进行,土壤环境特征、土壤养分特征及土壤种子库等产生相应的变化。而岩溶植被的顶极群落特征和群落演替特征,包括盖度、结构、物种多样性、生物量、分布格局、演替方向都有其自身的特殊性。     

丹江口库区生态公益林建设浅析

本文就丹江口水库库区生态环境状况进行了调查分析,提出在库区及周边实施以公益林建设为主要内容的生态环境建设的急迫性、必要性,以及今后的建设重点、建设思路和建设措施等。     

Crack formation due to weathering of radial and tangential sections of pine and spruce

The development of cracks and changes in appearance have been investigated on radial and tangential sections of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after exposure outdoors for 61 months. The degradation of the sections has also been studied at the micro-level. The annual ring orientation was the most important factor affecting crack development on weathering. After 61 months of outdoor exposure, the tangential sections of spruce had 1.7-2.2 times greater mean total crack length per area unit than the corresponding radial sections. In pine, the total crack length per area unit on the tangential sections was 2.2-2.6 times greater than that on the radial sections. Tangential and radial sections show the same colour change as a result of weathering. Tangential sections have more and deeper cracks than radial surfaces. The cracks on the tangential sections occur frequently in both earlywood and latewood. On radial sections, cracks occur primarily at the annual ring borders, but to a certain extent also in the earlywood. Decomposition of the cell wall takes place in both radial and tangential cell walls, and cracks tend to follow the fibril orientation in the S2-layer of the cell wall. The radial cell wall of the earlywood has a large number of pits which are degraded at an early stage.     

Bedeutung eines jahreszeitlich unterschiedlichen Einschlagszeitpunktes für das Trocknungsverhalten des Schnittholzes von Fichten (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Zusammenfassung:   Die vorliegende Untersuchung hat zum Ziel, die Auswirkungen eines jahreszeitlich unterschiedlichen Einschlagszeitpunktes von Fichten (Winter- und Sommereinschlag) auf die Dimensionsstabilität des daraus erzeugten Schnittholzes zu erfassen und zu quantifizieren. Hierzu wurden jeweils 12 Fichten aus Winter- und Sommereinschlag unmittelbar nach der Aufarbeitung im Bestand zu Bauschnittholz in praxisüblichen Dimensionen verarbeitet. Die Erfassung der trocknungsbedingten Verwerfungen des Schnittholzes erfolgte mittels Vermessung der Kantholzform vor und nach einer technischen Kammertrocknung (Zielfeuchte u = 15 ± 3%). Dabei zeigte sich, dass der saisonal unterschiedliche Zeitpunkt der Fällung der Bäume keinen statistisch abgesicherten Einfluss auf die durchschnittlichen Verwerfungen bzw. die Dimensionsstabilität der daraus erzeugten Kanthölzer hatte.